What is Browser Hijacking?

Browser hijacking is a form of online attack where malicious software or unwanted programs modify a web browser’s settings without the user’s consent. This often results in changes to the homepage, default search engine, or new tab page. The primary objective of browser hijacking is typically to redirect users to unwanted websites, serve advertisements, or collect personal data for malicious purposes.

Key Characteristics of Browser Hijacking

• Unauthorized Changes: Browser hijackers can change critical browser settings, leading to unwanted behavior.
• Redirection: Users are often redirected to malicious or commercial sites, which can result in phishing attacks or exposure to malware.
• Ad Injections: Hijackers frequently inject ads into web pages, disrupting user experience and potentially leading to further infections.

How Browser Hijacking Works

Browser hijacking typically involves a combination of methods, which may include:

1. Installation Methods

• Bundled Software: Many hijackers come bundled with free software downloads. When users install these programs, they may unknowingly agree to install the hijacker as well.
• Malicious Downloads: Users may be tricked into downloading a hijacker via deceptive links or phishing emails.
• Exploit Kits: Attackers can use exploit kits that take advantage of vulnerabilities in browsers or other software to install hijackers.

2. Modification of Settings

Once installed, a browser hijacker can change various settings:

• Homepage and Search Engine: The hijacker modifies the default homepage and search engine settings, redirecting users to unwanted sites.
• Browser Extensions: It may install unwanted browser extensions that further monitor user behavior or inject ads.
• New Tab Behavior: New tabs may be redirected to the hijacker’s site, disrupting normal browsing.

3. Data Collection and Tracking

Many browser hijackers can collect data about users, including:

• Browsing History: They may track the websites visited and user behavior to create targeted advertisements.
• Personal Information: Some hijackers may attempt to collect sensitive personal data, such as login credentials or financial information.

Impact of Browser Hijacking on Systems

The impact of browser hijacking can be significant, affecting both individual users and organizations:

1. User Experience

• Annoyance and Frustration: Constant redirects and unwanted ads can lead to a frustrating browsing experience.
• Loss of Productivity: Users may spend more time dealing with unwanted content, impacting productivity.

2. Security Risks

• Increased Vulnerability: Browser hijackers can expose users to further security risks, including malware infections and phishing attacks.
• Data Theft: Sensitive personal information may be collected and used for identity theft or sold to third parties.

3. System Performance

• Slow Performance: Hijackers can consume system resources, leading to slower computer and browser performance.
• Increased Network Activity: Constant data transmission to remote servers can result in increased bandwidth usage.

How to Remove Browser Hijackers

Removing a browser hijacker can vary in complexity depending on how deeply it has embedded itself in the system. Here are effective steps to remove a browser hijacker:

1. Manual Removal

• Reset Browser Settings: Most browsers allow users to reset their settings to default. This can often remove changes made by hijackers.

  • For Google Chrome: Go to Settings > Advanced > Reset and clean up > Restore settings to their original defaults.
  • For Firefox: Go to Help > Troubleshooting Information > Refresh Firefox.
  • For Edge: Go to Settings > Reset settings > Restore settings to their default values.

• Uninstall Suspicious Programs: Access the Control Panel (Windows) or System Preferences (macOS) and look for unfamiliar applications. Uninstall any programs that seem suspicious or that you do not remember installing.

• Check Browser Extensions: Review installed extensions in your browser settings and remove any that are unfamiliar or unnecessary.

2. Using Anti-Malware Tools

• Run a Full System Scan: Use reputable anti-malware or antivirus software to perform a full system scan. This can help detect and remove the hijacker along with any other malware.

• Use Specific Removal Tools: Some tools specialize in removing browser hijackers. For example, programs like Malwarebytes and AdwCleaner can help identify and eliminate these threats.

3. Clearing Browsing Data

• Clear Cache and Cookies: Clearing the browser’s cache and cookies can help remove residual data left by the hijacker. This can be done through the browser settings under Privacy and Security.

4. Check System Hosts File

• Editing the Hosts File: Sometimes, hijackers modify the system hosts file to redirect certain domains. You can check and edit this file to remove any suspicious entries.
  • For Windows: The hosts file is located at C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts.
  • For macOS: The hosts file is located at /etc/hosts.

How to Prevent Browser Hijacking

Preventing browser hijacking requires vigilance and proactive measures. Here are several strategies to protect yourself:

1. Safe Browsing Practices

• Avoid Suspicious Links: Be cautious of links in emails and on websites, especially from unknown sources. Phishing attacks often lead to hijacker installations.
• Download from Trusted Sources: Only download software from reputable websites and be wary of free software that may include unwanted bundled programs.

2. Use Security Software

• Install Antivirus and Anti-Malware Programs: Use reputable security software that offers real-time protection against a wide range of threats, including browser hijackers.
• Enable Automatic Updates: Ensure that your antivirus and anti-malware software is set to receive automatic updates to stay protected against new threats.

3. Regularly Update Browsers

• Keep Browsers Updated: Ensure your web browsers are updated to the latest versions, as updates often include security patches to protect against vulnerabilities.

4. Be Cautious with Browser Extensions

• Review Installed Extensions: Regularly check the extensions installed on your browser and remove any that you do not use or recognize.
• Limit Permissions: Be mindful of the permissions requested by browser extensions. Only install those that require minimal access.

5. Utilize Browser Security Features

• Enable Pop-Up Blockers: Most browsers have built-in pop-up blockers. Ensure this feature is enabled to minimize unwanted ads and redirects.
• Use Privacy-Enhancing Features: Consider using privacy-focused browsers or extensions that limit tracking and enhance security.

Examples of Browser Hijackers

Several well-known browser hijackers have gained notoriety over the years. Here are a few notable examples:

1. Conduit Toolbar : Conduit was a browser hijacker that often bundled with legitimate software. It modified browser settings to make Conduit the default search engine and homepage.

 Users experienced unwanted redirects and an influx of ads, leading to a frustrating browsing experience.

2. Sweet Page: Sweet Page is a notorious browser hijacker that changes browser settings to redirect users to its search page. It often comes bundled with other free software.

 Users faced unwanted redirections, increased ads, and compromised browsing security.

3. Search Marquis: Search Marquis is a browser hijacker that targets Mac users. It modifies browser settings to redirect to a search page filled with ads.

 Users experienced unwanted redirects and ads, leading to privacy concerns and compromised security.